Dr Lugo explains a futures thinking model called FATE, which helps organizations, particularly cities, understand different perspectives on future scenarios. He describes four types of futures: open future (evident to all), blind future (invisible to some), hidden future (visible to others but not oneself), and unknown future (including wildcards). Dr Lugo emphasizes the the importance of discussing those different futures using multimodal communication to identify and address blind spots, bringing hidden futures to light, and understanding unintended consequences of preferred futures.